Ennio Morricone, Composer: C'era una volta il West. A classmate of director Sergio Leone with whom he would form one of the great director/composer partnerships.
Sardinian language - Wikipedia. Sardinian (sardu, limba sarda, lingua sarda) or Sard is the primary indigenous. Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia (Italy). Of the Romance languages, it is considered the closest to Latin. Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system by combining the two Sardinian varieties, like the LSU (Limba Sarda Unificada, . Politically speaking. However, from a linguistic point of view, that is a different question. It can be said that Sardinian has no relationship whatsoever with any dialect of mainland Italy; it is an archaic Romance speech with its own distinctive characteristics, showing a very original vocabulary in addition to morphology and syntax rather different from the Italian dialects. A 1. 94. 9 study by Italian- American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin). Koryakov (2. 00. 1) ascribes Sardinian to the separated Island Romance branch of the Romance languages, along with old Corsican. The language is posited to have substratal influences from Paleo- Sardinian language, which some scholars have linked to Basque. Planning Retirement in Ajijic or Lake Chapala Mexico. See our detailed Chapala Real Estate and Ajijic Real Estate listings. Find Homes and Rentals. The situation of Sardinian language with regard to the politically dominant ones did not change until the 1. Research has attempted to discover obscure, indigenous, pre- Romance roots; the root s(a)rd, present in many place names and denoting the island's people, is reportedly from Sherden (one of the Sea Peoples), although this assertion is quite debated. In 1. 98. 4, Massimo Pittau said he found in the Etruscan language the etymology of many Latin words after comparing it with the Nuragic language(s). According to Pittau, the Etruscan and Nuragic language(s) are descended from Lydian (and therefore Indo- European) as a consequence of contact with Etruscans and other Tyrrhenians from Sardis described by Herodotus. Areddu asserts that in ancient Sardinia, especially in the most interior area (Barbagia and Ogliastra), the locals supposedly spoke a particular branch of Indo- European. There are in fact some correspondences, both formal and semantic, with the few testimonies of Illyrian (or Thracian) languages, and above all with their linguistical continuer, Albanian. He finds such correlations: sard. Terracini proposed the same for suffixes in - /. Rohlfs, Butler and Craddock add the suffix - /ini/ (such as the toponym Bar. Suffixes in /a, e, o, u/ + - rr- found a correspondence in north Africa (Terracini), in Iberia (Blasco Ferrer) and in southern Italy and Gascony (Rohlfs), with a closer relationship to Basque (Wagner and Hubschmid). However, these early links to a Basque precursor have been questioned by some Basque linguists. Pittau emphasized that this concerns terms originally ending in an accented vowel, with an attached paragogic vowel; the suffix resisted Latinization in some place names, which show a Latin body and a Nuragic suffix. According to Bertoldi, some toponyms ending in - /. The suffix - /aiko/, widely used in Iberia and possibly of Celtic origin, and the ethnic suffix in - /itanos/ and - /etanos/ (for example, the Sardinian Sulcitanos) have also been noted as Paleo- Sardinian elements (Terracini, Ribezzo, Wagner, Hubschmid and Faust). Linguists Blasco Ferrer (2. Morvan (2. 00. 9) have attempted to revive a theoretical connection with Basque by linking words such as Sardinian ospile . Genetic data on the distribution of HLA antigens have suggested a common origin for the Basques and Sardinians. The Arzachena culture, for instance, suggests a link between the northernmost Sardinian region (Gallura) and southern Corsica that finds further confirmation in the Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder. There are also some stylistic differences between north and south Nuragic Sardinia, which may indicate the existence of two other tribal groups (Balares and Ilienses) mentioned by the same Roman author. According to the archeologist Giovanni Ugas. Some obscure Nuragic roots remained unchanged, and in many cases the Latin accepted local roots (like nur, which makes its appearance in nuraghe, N. Barbagia, the mountainous central region of the island, derives its name from the Latin Barbaria, because its people refused cultural and linguistic assimilation for a long time: 5. Sardinia are actually not related to any known language. Some linguists assert that modern Sardinian, being part of the Island Romance group. Some engraved poems in ancient Greek and Latin (the two most prestigious languages in the Roman Empire. We also have some religious works by Saints Lucifer and Eusebius, both from Caralis (Cagliari). Although Sardinia was culturally influenced and politically ruled by the Byzantine Empire for almost five centuries, Greek did not enter its language except for some ritual or formal expressions in Sardinian using Greek structure and, sometimes, Greek alphabet. From the long Byzantine era there are only a few entries but they already provide a glimpse of the sociolinguistical situation on the island in which, in addition to the community's everyday Neo- Latin language, Greek was also spoken by the ruling classes. Sardinia was then brought back to the Latin cultural sphere. Giudicati period. Sardinian had a greater number of archaisms and Latinisms than the present language does. Comparing the documents from the Giudicato of Cagliari to those from the Torres' and Gallura's one, Sardinian language displays already a certain range of dialectal variation. The Carta de Logu of the Kingdom of Arborea, one of the first constitutions in history drawn up in 1. The first document containing Sardinian elements is a 1. Montecassino signed by Barisone I of Torres. According to attorney Sigismondo Arquer (Cagliari, 1. People from the neighbouring island of Corsica began to settle in the northern Sardinian coast, leading to the birth of the Tuscan- sounding Sassarese and Gallurese. One is the 1. 5th- century Sa Vitta et sa Morte, et Passione de sanctu Gavinu, Brothu et Ianuariu, written by Ant. Rimas Spirituales, by Hieronimu Araolla, . Non podende sufrire su tormentu / de su fogu ardente innamorosu. Unlike Catalan, however, Spanish was perceived as an elitist language, gaining ground among the ruling classes; Sardinian retained much of its importance, being the only language the rural people were proficient in. Spanish had a profound lexical influence on Sardinian nonetheless, especially in those words related to the role that the Spanish had in the vast Habsburg Empire as the language of the Court. Most Sardinian authors were well- versed in Spanish, so much so that Vicente Bacallar y Sanna was one of the founders of the Real Academia Espa. In 1. 71. 7 a Spanish fleet reoccupied. Cagliari, and the following year Sardinia was ceded to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy in exchange for Sicily. This transfer would not initially entail any social nor linguistic changes, though: Sardinia would still retain for a long time its Hispanic character, so much so that only in 1. Aragonese and Spanish dynastic symbols replaced by the Savoyard cross. Despite the assimilation policy the anthem of the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia was the Hymnu Sardu Nationale (Sardinian National Anthem), or Cunservet Deus su Re (God save the King), with Sardinian lyrics first in Campidanese and then Logudorese. Unlike other Italian infantry brigades, Sassari's was recruited on Sardinia (including its officers). It is the only Italian unit with an anthem in a regional language: Dimonios (. Its title derives from Rote Teufel (German for . Even the compulsory military service played a role in language shift. Under Fascism every language other than Italian was banned, to the point of forbidding Sardinia's characteristic improvised poetry competitions. Even now, Sardinia currently has the highest rate of school and university drop- out in Italy. This bill, which was not implemented (Italy has signed, but not ratified, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages). After about one month, Google changed the place names back to Italian. Drer e CRC Posse, Quilo, Sa Razza, Malam, Menhir, Stranos Elementos, Randagiu Sardu, Futta etc.), and with artists who use the language as a means to promote the island and address its long- standing issues and the new challenges. Although there is still not an option to teach Sardinian on the island itself, let alone in Italy, some language courses are instead available in Germany (Universities of Stuttgart, Munich and T. Despite the formal recognition from the Italian state, Italy does not in fact collect any information on the ethnic and linguistic composition of the population and there is virtually no print and broadcasting media exposure in politically or numerically weaker minorites like Sardinian. Moreover, the resources allocated to cultural projects like bilingual education, which lacks a consistent approach, are largely insufficient to meet . The degree of archaism varies, with the dialect spoken in the Province of Nuoro being considered the most conservative. Medieval evidence indicates that the language spoken on Sardinia and Corsica at the time was similar to modern Nuorese Sardinian. The remaining dialects are thought to have innovated as the result of Tuscan (later Italian) and Spanish influences. The examples listed below are from the Logudorese dialect: The Latin short vowels . Single voiced plosives . This also applies across word boundaries: porcus (pig), but su borku (the pig); domus (house), but sa omo (the house). Incipit letterari(?)Aucassin et Nicolette * (Aucassin e Nicolette), XIII sec. Storia gotica milanese del secolo XVII (di Anonimo lombardo), 2. Al qur'ano (Il Corano), 6. Akunin (Grigori Tchkhartichvili), 1. Decorator (Il decoratore)Pelagija i belyj bul'dog (Pelagija e il bulldog bianco)Alain- Fournier (Henri- Alban Fournier), 1. Le grand Meaulnes * (Il grande Meaulnes)Roberto Alajmo, 1. Repertorio dei pazzi della citt. Svetloe putesestvie v mracnom gadjusnike sovetskoj biologii. Viaggio illuminato all'interno dell'oscuro letamaio della biologia sovietica)Sherman Alexie, 1. Indian Killer * (Indian Killer)Reservation Blues (Reservation Blues)Felipe Alfau, 1. Locos (Locos)Vittorio Alfieri, 1. Della tirannide. La virt. Anstruther * (Una donna indipendente)In the Mountains * (Uno chalet tutto per me)Introduction to Sally (Vi presento Sally)The Jasmine Farm (La fattoria dei gelsomini)Love * (Amore)Mr. Skeffington * (Mr Skeffington)The Pastor's Wife * (La moglie del pastore)The Princess Priscilla. Pyle, gentiluomo. L'ultimo rosa di Lautrec. Muriel Barbery, 1. L'. Caligari (Ritorna, dottor Caligari)Daniello Bartoli, 1. L'uomo di lettere difeso ed emendato. Fabio Bartolomei, 1. La banda degli invisibili. Giovambattista Basile, 1. Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de li peccerille. Giorgio Bassani, 1. Cinque storie ferraresi. Il romanzo di Ferrara: Dentro le mura. Il romanzo di Ferrara: Gli occhiali d'oro. Il romanzo di Ferrara: Il gardino dei Finzi- Contini. Il romanzo di Ferrara: Dietro la porta. Il romanzo di Ferrara: L'airone. Il romanzo di Ferrara: L'odore del fieno. Remo Bassini, 1. 95. Bastardo posto. Jean- Fran. Consigli a un figlio che vuol fare carriera in politica. Charles Baudelaire, 1. Am. Beaton (Marion Mc. Chesney), 1. 93. 6Serie 6. Clarges Street. The Miser of Mayfair * (L'avaro di Mayfair)Plain Jane * (Jane la bruttina)The Wicked Godmother * (La perfida madrina)Rake's Progress * (La carriera di un libertino)The Adventuress * (L'avventuriera)Rainbird's Revenge * (La vendetta di Rainbird)Serie Agatha Raisin. Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death * (Agatha Raisin e la quiche letale)Agatha Raisin and the Vicious Vet * (Agatha Raisin e il veterinario crudele)Agatha Raisin and the Potted Gardener * (Agatha Raisin e la giardiniera invasata)Agatha Raisin and the Walkers of Dembley * (Agatha Raisin e i Camminatori di Dembley)Agatha Raisin and the Agatha Raisin and the Murderous Marriage * (Agatha Raisin e il matrimonio assassino)Agatha Raisin and the Terrible Tourist * (Agatha Raisin e la turista terribile)Agatha Raisin and the Wellspring of Death * (Agatha Raisin e la Sorgente della morte)Agatha Raisin and the Wizard of Evesham * (Agatha Raisin e il mago di Evesham)Agatha Raisin and the Witch of Wyckhadden * (Agatha Raisin e la strega di Wickhadden)Agatha Raisin and the Fairies of Fryfam * (Agatha Raisin e le fate di Fryfam)Agatha Raisin and the Love of Hell * (Agatha Raisin e l'amore infernale)Agatha Raisin and the Day the Floods Came * (Agatha Raisin e i giorni del diluvio)Agatha Raisin and the Case of the Curious Curate * (Agatha Raisin e il caso del curioso curato)Paul Beatty, 1. The Sellout * (Lo schiavista)Simone de Beauvoir, 1. La femme rompue (Una donna spezzata)Carrie Bebris, 1. The Matters at Mansfield * (L'enigma di Mansfield Park)North by Northanger * (Le ombre di Pemberley)Pride and Prescience * (Orgoglio e preveggenza)Cesare Beccaria, 1. Dei delitti e delle pene. Samuel Beckett, 1. All Strange Away * (Quello che . From 2. 00. 0 to 1. Guardando indietro. Dal 2. 00. 0 al 1. Maria Bellonci, 1. Rinascimento privato. Segni sul muro: Telefilm su due amanti. Segni sul muro: Storia segreta di una cortigiana. Segni sul muro: Trafitto a Canossa. Saul Bellow, 1. 91. Henderson the Rain King (Il re della pioggia)Herzog * (Herzog)Humboldt's gift * (Il dono di Humboldt)Mr. Sammler's Planet * (Il pianeta di Mr. Sammler)Ravelstein * (Ravelstein)Pietro Bembo, 1. De Aetna Ad Angelum Chabrielem Liber (..)Gli Asolani. Prose della volgar lingua. Daniele Benati, 1. Silenzio in Emilia. Aimee Bender, 1. 96. The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake * (L'inconfondibile tristezza della torta al limone)Carmelo Bene, 1. Sono apparso alla madonna. Mario Benedetti, 1. Gracias por el fuego (Grazie per il fuoco)La tregua (La tregua)Alan Bennett, 1. The Clothes They Stood Up In * (Nudi e crudi)The Lady in the Van * (La signora nel furgone)The Laying on of Hands * (La cerimonia del massaggio)Smut. Two Unseemly Stories: The Greening of Mrs. Donaldson (Due storie sporche: Mrs Donaldson ringiovanisce)Smut. Two Unseemly Stories: The Shielding of Mrs. Forbes (Due storie sporche: Mrs. Forbes non deve sapere)The Uncommon Reader * (La sovrana lettrice)Stefano Benni, 1. Achille pi! XIIRoman de Troie (Il romanzo di Troia)Edward Frederic Benson, 1. Queen Lucia * (La regina Lucia)Nina Berberova, 1. Borodin (Genio e regolatezza: Aleksandr Borodin)Lakej i devka (Il lacch. XIIRoman de Tristan (Il romanzo di Tristano)Luigi Bertelli (pseud.: Vamba), 1. Il giornalino di Giamburrasca. Francesca Bertini (Elena Seracini Vitiello), 1. Il resto non conta. Giuseppe Berto, 1. Il brigante. Oh, Serafina! Breve storia della spedizione dei Mille. Il lavoro culturale. Marthe- Lucile Bibesco (Lucile Decaux), 1. Le Perroquet Vert (Il pappagallo verde)Earl Derr Biggers, 1. Behind That Curtain * (Dietro quel sipario)The Black Camel * (Charlie Chan e il cammello nero)Charlie Chan Carries on * (Charlie Chan e la tragica promessa)The Chinese Parrot * (Charlie Chan e il pappagallo cinese)The House Without A Key * (Charlie Chan e la casa senza chiavi)The Keeper of the Keys * (Charlie Chan e il custode delle chiavi)Romano Bilenchi, 1. Conservatorio di Santa Teresa. Rapha. 1. 88. 8: Pasenow oder die Romantik (I sonnambuli. Pasenow o il romanticismo)Die Schlafwandler. Esch oder die Anarchie (I sonnambuli. Esch o l'anarchia)Die Schlafwandler. Huguenau oder die Sachlichkeit (I sonnambuli. Huguenau o il realismo)Der Tod des Vergil (La morte di Virgilio)Iosif Aleksandrovi. Il padre delle piccole donne)People of the Book * (I custodi del libro)Rhoda Broughton, 1. The Truth, the Whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth * (La verit. Badman * (Vita e morte del signor Badman)The Pilgrim's Progress * (Il viaggio del pellegrino)Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1. Rime. Gottfried August B. Byatt (Antonia Drabble), 1. Possession. A Romance * (Possessione)The Children's Book * (Il libro dei bambini)Ragnar. The End of the Gods * (Ragnar. Storie di italiani che non hanno mai smesso di credere nel futuro. Italo Calvino, 1. Il barone rampante. Il castello dei destini incrociati. Il cavaliere inesistente. Le citt! Buenos Aires Horror Tour. Il maestro di nodi. Il mistero di Mangiabarche. Nessuna cortesia all'uscita. Niente, pi. Le vendicatrici. Le vendicatrici. Le vendicatrici. Solo per amore. Le vendicatrici: Luz. Thomas Carlyle, 1. Sartor Resartus * (Sartor Resartus)Francesco Carofiglio, 1. L'estate del cane nero. Ritorno nella valle degli angeli. With or without you. Gianrico Carofiglio, 1. Ad occhi chiusi. L'arte del dubbio. Il passato ! XIIIContrasto. Elvio Cipollone, 1. Crac. La stanza dei segni. Pietro Citati, 1. Storia prima felice, poi dolentissima e funesta. Tom Clancy, 1. 94. The Hunt For Red October * (La grande fuga dell'Ottobre Rosso)Op- Center Mirror Image * (Op- Center Parallelo Russia)Rainbow Six * (Rainbow Six)The Sum of All Fears * (Paura senza limite)Clare Clark, 1. The Great Stink * (Il ventre di Londra)Brock Clarke, 1. An Arsonist's Guide to Writer's Homes in New England * (Case di scrittori del New England: la guida del piromane)Arthur C. Clarke, 1. 91. 7- 2. Space Odyssey * (2. Odissea nello spazio)2. Odyssey Two * (2. Odissea due)2. 06. Odyssey Three * (2. Odissea tre)3. 00. The Final Odyssey * (3. Odissea finale)The Sentinel * (La sentinella)The City and the Stars * (La citt! Prym (Il Diavolo e la Signorina Prym)Manual do guerreiro da luz (Manuale del guerriero della luce)O Monte Cinco (Monte Cinque)Na margem do rio Piedra eu sentei e chorei (Sulla sponda del fiume Piedra mi sono seduta e ho pianto)Veronika decide morrer (Veronika decide di morire)John Maxwell Coetzee, 1. Disgrace * (Vergogna)The Lives of Animals * (La vita degli animali)The Master of Petersburg * (Il Maestro di Pietroburgo)Youth * (Giovent. A Sensational Account of Britain's First Railway Murder * (Il cappello di Mr Briggs, ovvero Il mistero della carrozza 6. Padraic Colum, 1. The King of Ireland's Son * (Il viaggio infinito del principe irlandese)Danila Comastri Montanari, 1. La campana dell'arciprete. Cristina Comencini, 1. La bestia nel cuore. L'illusione del bene. Giovanni Comisso, 1. Un gatto attraversa la strada. Dino Compagni, 1. Cronica delle cose occorrenti ne' tempi suoi. Ivy Compton- Burnett, 1. A Heritage and Its History * (Un'eredit. A Walk through Provincetown (Dove la terra finisce)Franco Cuomo, 1. Il codice Macbeth. Gunther d'Amalfi, cavaliere templare. Il signore degli specchi. C! O il cavaliere dalla piuma rosso sangue)Clive Cussler, 1. Artic Drift * (Morsa di Ghiaccio)Atlantis Found * (Atlantide)Black Wind * (Vento nero)Blue Gold * (Oro blu)Cyclops * (Cyclops)Dark watch * (I predatori)Deep Six * (Missione Eagle)Dragon * (Dragon)Fire Ice * (Lo zar degli oceani)Flood Tide * (Alta marea)Golden Buddha * (L! Racconti di paese e di citt. Dick, 1. 92. 8- 1. Clans of the Alphane moon * (Follia per sette clan)Counter - Clock World * (In senso inverso)The Crack in Space (Svegliatevi, dormienti)Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Postmark Murder * (La paura . Mein Weg von Theresienstadt und Auschwitz nach Israel (La speranza mi ha tenuto in vita. Da Theresienstadt e Auschwitz a Israele)George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), 1. Adam Bede * (Adam Bede)The Lifted Veil * (Il velo dissolto)Middlemarch. A Study of provincial life * (Middlemarch. Studio di vita provinciale)The Mill on the Floss * (Il mulino sulla Floss)Romola * (Romola)Scenes of Clerical Life: The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton * (Scene di vita clericale: Le tristi vicende del reverendo Amos Barton)Scenes of Clerical Life: Mr. Gilfil's Love Story * (Scene di vita clericale: La storia d'amore di Mr.
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